Looking At The Term Omnidirectional Imaging Film Studies Essay

First, al stylussyow s coiffure the term omnidirectional . The term omnidirectional is derives from a prefix omni which make waters the signifi flowerpotce entirely or for each one maculation directional is bespeaking a way in infinite. Hence, this term omnidirectional implies an equal sensitiveness in either directional. Normally, this term is widely use upd in the telecommunications subject area such as omnidirectional mike which is a device that fag end election up sound from all or so it. Other than this, an omnidirectional aerial crowd out direct or have signals of all timey bit hefty in all waies and a VHF omnidirectional stage setting ( VOR ) is apply as a wireless pilotage formation for aircraft. Due to the advancing of the engineering, the use has been expanded to other field of intentions. For illustration, an omnidirectional treadmill is use as a treadmill that allows a exclusive to walk in any way without traveling. Besides this, at that place is a specially design wheel that allows motion in any way and normally use into automatons which is called Mecanum Wheel. In take care taking, an omnidirectional tv photographic tv camera is a camera that can see all 360 grades s diminishly it. All of these executions have referred to the impression of bing in every way.omnidirectional imagination shows a 360 grades ocular billet which has a similar construct with an omnidirectional camera. This sort of imagination is of import in some(prenominal) countries such as security force. The security force applies this construct as a ocular surveillance which can cut down the offense rates and increase the safety of the populace as shown in discover 1. This is due to the omnidirectional vision shows a wide of the mark tip off of position which has the ability to see around 360 grades.Figure 1 The camera with hemispherical FOV for big country surveillance applicationThe omnidirectional mental interpret is round form and must be unwrapped to obtain a panoramic ambit as represent in Figure 2.( a )( B )Figure 2 Image taken by an omnidirectional camera with a inflated reflect.Figure ( a ) indicates the omnidirectional image.Figure ( B ) indicates the correspondent birds-eye image.Although omnidirectional images allow increasing the field of position ( FOV ) , some jobs arise. Anamorphosis in omnidirectional images introduces tortuousness in image processing and reading such as visual flow calculation. visual flow is computed from images spatio-temporal derived functions in order to gauge the evident gesture in a digital image sequence. Using appropriate gesture theoretical accounts, the picture elements evident gesture can be related to the camera gesture. Refering omnidirectional images, a simple camera interlingual rendition implies a complex evident gesture. Indeed, a camera interlingual rendition does non bring off an evident interlingual rendition of all the pels in the image. Figure 3 has depicted both status explained above.Figure Pixels gesture for a classical camera interlingual rendition ( a )and for an omnidirectional camera ( B )Ordinary cameras used in machine vision either have a narrow field of position ( FOV ) or have a broad FOV but suffer from complex distorted shape. It can be hard to undo a broad FOV image to obtain jam riddance positions accurately. Based strictly on the ideal perspective projection resource theoretical account, it has been shown that locates of revolution of c integrity-shaped subdivision curves ar the lone mirror forms that can be paired with a individual intersection rouse projection camera to actualize single- rulingpoint ( SVP ) , catadioptric omnidirectional position systems whose omniview image can be unwrapped to perspective projection positions without systematic deformations.By utilizing quaternary normal cameras positioned decently in relation to a flat mirror pyramid, a high declaration, SVP, broad FOV sys tem can be built. The trade-offs, though, argon the high pecuniary value and complexnesss involved with multiple cameras. Bulky size, weight, standardization, synchronism, and addition differences ar jobs associated with multi-camera systems that single-camera systems be free of. An SVP system is worthwhile if the benefits outweigh the drawbacks for a peculiar application. The advantages of the single-camera, SVP, catodioptric house attach of omnidirectional image systems come with a monetary value. The al nearly important tradeoff is a much lower image spacial declaration compared with normal cameras, multi-camera omniview systems, or revolving normal camera scanning system because single-camera, SVP, catadioptric systems have an enlarged FOV without a corresponding addition in the figure of physical feeling units ( e.g. , pels ) .Omnidirectional Image Screening SystemAn omnidirectional imagination system consisting a meditativeness mirror for sing target inwardly a hemisphe re field of position form a individual practical position point at the local eye of said contemplativeness mirror, a projector for projecting a clear up beam toward said brooding mirror, and a variable wavelength filter ocularly positioned amid said projector and said brooding mirror for bring forthing a form filling a spatially distributed wavelength spectrum of said brooding mirror, where a generator responsive to the hemispherical image informations for bring forthing 3-dimensional image.Field of InventionThe pattern presents a set of methods and setup for omnidirectional stereo imagination. By omnidirectional imagination system , we blind drunk a system that is able to get images with a field-of-view ( FOV ) covering full hemisphere ( clxxx self-colored infinite bung ) , at the same while without any mechanical pathetic portion. The FOV of a established camera or a elation projector can be dramatically increased by using a brooding mirror decently located in fo repart of the camera or the projector. A brace of omnidirectional cameras is able to organize a alone stereo imagination of environing scene with 360 spirit level position angle. A combination of an omnidirectional camera and an omnidirectional structured ocular beam projector can besides supply a agencies to obtain quantitative three dimensional measurings of the objects around the camera system. The omnidirectional three dimentional imaging methods and setup presented herein may offer alone solutions to many practical systems that consume coincident 360 grade sing angle and three dimensional measuring capableness.A figure of attacks had been proposed in the yesteryear for imaging systems to do broad FOV. None of them nevertheless is able to bring forth 3D omnidirectional images. In the undermentioned paragraphs, we give a briefly study on the stake-of-the-art of current imaging systems that seek to accomplish broad FOV.Before the innovation of omnidirectional camera, a camer a with revolving parts is used to capture image in all way. Although it produce high declaration of image, but it takes some press cutting in capturing it. Hence, some attack has been proposed in the yesteryear for imaging system to accomplish a broad field-of-view ( FOV ) . However, none of them is able to bring forth 3D omnidirectional images. Presently, there are some imaging systems are produced to seek for a broad FOVConventional CamerasMost bing imaging systems employ electronic sensing element french friess or photographic movie to enter opthalmic image collected by its optical lens system. The image projection for more or less camera lenses is modeled as a pin-hole with a individual centre of projection. Since sizes of camera lens and the imagination detector have their practical restrictions, the light beams that can be collected by a camera lens and received by the imagination device typically organize a maize with really little gap angle. Therefore, angular FOV for c onventional camera is inwardly a scope of 5 to 50 grades. For illustration, an 8.5 millimeter F/1.3 camera lens for 1/2 CCD ( Charge Coupled Device ) bit merely has an angular FOV of 41.2 grade.Fish-Eye LenssOptical applied scientists had designed several versions of wide- view-angle lens system, called the fish-eye lens. The fish-eye lens features a really short focal length which, when used in topographical point of conventional camera lens, enables the camera to see object for much wider angle ( about 180 grade of hemisphere ) . In general, the wider FOV, the more complicated design the fish-eye lens has. To obtain a hemispherical FOV, the fish-eye lens must be rather big in dimension, complex in optical design, and therefore expensive. Besides, it is really hard to plan a fish-eye lens that ensures individual position point restraint, i.e. , all immersion chief palpable ir radiotherapy beams intersect at a individual point to organize a fixed point of view. This is so a jo b with commercial fish-eye lenses, including Nikon s Fisheye-Nikkor 8-mm f/2.8 lens. Although the acquired image by fish-eye lenses may turn out to be dependable plenty for some visual image applications, the deformation compensation issue has non been resolved, and the high unit-cost remain to be major hurdlings for its wide-spread applications. The fish-eye lens technique has the advantage of avocation a statically positioned camera to get a broad angle of position. However the nonlinear be immenseings resulted from the semi-spherical optical lens social functionping make the declaration along the round boundary of the image really hapless, while the FOV corresponding to the round boundary of the image normally represents a land or floor where a high declaration of image is required.Multi-Camera System or Revolving Imaging SystemsLarge FOV of objects may be obtained by utilizing multiple cameras in the same system, each point towards a divers(prenominal) way. However, issues o n seamless integrate of multiple images is farther complicated by the fact that image produced by each camera has different centres of projection. The cost for such a system is normally high. The image processing required by multiple cameras or revolving camera method to obtain precise information on place and AZ of an object takes a long clip, which is non suited for real-time conflict field mold and reconnaissance applications.Another square(a) solution to increasing the FOV of an imagination system is to revolve the full imagination system about its centre of projection An image sequence acquired by the camera at different places are sewed together to obtain a birds-eye position of the scene. Such an attack has been late proposed by several investigate workers. A really interesting attack developed by employs a camera with a non-frontal image sensor to scan the universe.The first disadvantage of any revolving image system is that it requires the usage of traveling parts, an d precision placement devices. A more serious drawback is that such systems lack the capableness of at the same time an geting image with broad FOV. Although such system can get precise azimuth information in omnidirectional position, the imagination procedure is time-consuming and the method is non applicable to real-time jobs such as avoiding ex unravel to against traveling obstructions or supervising scene with nomadic objects. This restricts the usage of revolving systems to inactive and non-real-time applications.In contrast, the innovation presented herein, called the omnidirectional camera, is capable of capturing real-time omnidirectional images without utilizing any traveling parts. By omnidirectional images , we mean images with a FOV covering full hemisphere ( 180 truehearted infinite angle ) , at the same time. As one can see, a birds-eye camera is still non omnidirectional, since it can merely supply a fisheye of FOV at sealed clip case, non in all waies.Figure C omparison between our Omnidirectional Camera, birds-eye camera and conventional camerasBrooding MaterialWhen visible radiation radiation passes from one strong suit into other nailing a different index of diversion, some of the visible radiation is dispel at the interface between the deuce media correct if both are transparent. The coefficient of ringion represents the fraction of the incident visible radiation that is reflected at the interface. In general it must be treated as a directional belongings that is a map of the reflected way, the incident way and the incident wavelength. reflects surely have a distinguishable brooding quality most other stuffs do non. This is due to the alone colour, composing and smoothness the mirror has.Polished, glistening alloys make good mirrors because metal behaviors electricity good. Since the electronic field inside the metal is zero, negatrons at that place leave behind ever call off out a field that is non zero ( even if the field originates outside the metal ) . Since light travels in electromagnetic moving ridges, when it hits a mirror ( most often made with sprayed Ag and glass ) , the lone manner to call off out the field and put it to zero is to reflect those moving ridges back out, hence a observation. This procedure is similar to tattle a long forget me drug attached on one death. If you give a hanging rope with one loose terminal one, large shingle, the rope allow for beckon to the top, and so back down. This is what happens when light hits a mirror. well-nigh molecules hold light and convert some of it to heat. These stuffs are normally black. White stuffs have molecules that about instantly let go of visible radiation after fascinating it. There is an full scope of soaking up in different colourss. Metal works good for mirrors because it reflects seeable visible radiation on all parts of the out-of-doors at the same clip.While unsmooth surfaces do reflect visible radiation ( depending on col our and composing ) , they typically reflect visible radiation in all waies. You can see this in concrete, for illustration. It seems to scintillate because it reflects light, but non in one way or ordered manner. Mirrors, nevertheless, do reflect in one way. Because metal ( including metal pigment ) is smooth, it s the best stuff for mirrors.Visible Spectrum WavelengthElectromagnetic ray of lightElectromagnetic radiation is considered to be wave-like, dwelling of electric and magnetic field constituents that are perpendicular to each other and besides to the way of extension. Electromagnetic radiation consists of visible radiation, heat or beaming energy, receiving set detection and ranging, moving ridges, and X raies. Each of it has a specific scope of wavelengths.Figure An electromagnetic moving ridge demoing electric field, magnetic field constituents and the wavelength.Figure The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.Visible visible radiation prevarications within a really na rrow part of the spectrum with wavelengths runing between about 0.4 micron and 0.7 micron. The sensed colour is dictated by the wavelength for illustration, radiation holding wavelength of about 0.4 micron appears to be violet, whereas green and ruddy colour come at about 0.5 and 0.65 micron severally.CoatingMetallic elements are opaque and extremely brooding. The sensed colour is stopd by the wavelength dispersal of the radiation that is reflected and non abstracted. A bright silvery visual aspect when exposed to fair light indicates that the metal is extremely brooding over the full scope of the seeable spectrum. Aluminum and Ag are twain metals that exhibit this brooding behaviour. Copper and gilded appear red-orange and yellow severally because of the energy associated with white light photons holding short wavelength is non reemitted as seeable visible radiation.The huge bulk of optical constituents are made of sundry(a) types of glass, and the bulk of those objects ar e coated with thin beds of particular stuffs. The intent of these coatings is to modify the contemplation and transmittal belongingss of the constituents surfaces.High- materialisation coatings can be applied to the exterior of an object. For illustration, a level piece of glass is used to bring forth a first-surface mirror. Alternately, they can be applied to an internal surface to bring forth a second-surface mirror, which is used to build certain prisms. High-reflection coatings can be classified as either insulator or bimetallic coatings.Metallic coatings are used chiefly for mirrors. They do non trust on the rules of optical intervention but instead on the physical and optical belongingss of the surfacing stuff. However, metallic coatings are frequently over-coated with thin dielectric movies to increase the coefficient of reflection over a coveted scope of wavelengths or scope of incidence angles.Over-coating metallic coatings with a difficult, individual, dielectric bed of half-wave optical thickness improves scratch and tarnish rivalry but merely marginally affects optical belongingss. Depending on the insulator used, such over-coated metals are referred to as lasting, saved or hard-coated metallic reflectors.The chief advantages of metallic coatings are broadband spectral public presentation, insensitiveness to angle of incidence and polarisation, and low cost. Their primary disadvantages include lower lastingness, lower coefficient of reflection and lower harm threshold. straight off s multilayer dielectric coatings are unusually difficult and lasting. With proper attention and handling, they can hold long life lastingness. Quarter-wave thicknesses of alternately high- and low-refractive index stuffs are applied to the substrate to organize a dielectric multilayer stack, as shown in figure. By taking stuffs of appropriate refractile indexes, the assorted reflected wave-fronts can be made to step in constructively to bring forth a extremely efficie nt reflector.The extremum coefficient of reflection value is pendant upon the ration of the refractile indices of the deuce stuffs, every bit good as the figure of layer braces. change magnitude either increases the coefficient of reflection. Over limited wavelength intervals, the coefficient of reflection of a dielectric surfacing easy can be made to transcend the highest coefficient of reflection of a metallic coating. Furthermore, the coatings are effectual for both s- and p-polarization constituents, and can be designed for a broad angle of incident scope. However, at angles that are significantly distant from the design angle, coefficient of reflection is markedly reduced.CVI Melles Griot is a taking provider of preciseness optical constituents and multielement optical system. CVI Melles Griot shows thatOur protected gold, Ag, and aluminum coatings exhibit exceeding broadband coefficient of reflection and are practical for many applications. Typical utilizations for these mir rors include single-use applications where the prove itself amendss the mirror. A assortment of diameters and square sizes are offered, including an 8 ten 8 protected aluminium version.CoatingProtected GoldProtected capitalProtected AluminumSubstrate burn out GlassThickness3.2 A 0.25 millimeterCoefficient of reflectionRavg & gt 96 %from 800 nm 20 AmRavg & gt 97.5 %from 450 2 AmRavg & gt 96 %from 2 20 AmRavg & gt 90 %from 450 nm 2 AmRavg & gt 95 %from 2 20 AmDamage brink2 J/cm21064 nanometer, 10 N, 10 cycle3 J/cm21064 nanometer, 10 N, 10 Hertz0.3 J/cm21064 nanometer, 10 N, 10 HertzFront Surface Flatness& lt 5I/inch 633 nanometerdiameter Tolerance+0.0/-0.25 millimeterClear Aperture& gt 90 % of SurfaceSurface Quality60-40 Scratch-DigALoadingMaterials those are capable of conveyance visible radiation with comparatively small soaking up and contemplation is transparent-one can see by means of them. Translucent stuffs are those by means of which visible radiation is transmitted diffusely that is, visible radiation is scattered within the inside, to the grade that objects are non clearly distinguishable when viewed through a specimen of the stuff. Materials that are run-resistant to the transmittal of seeable visible radiation are termed opaque.When light returns from one medium into another, several things happen. Some of the light radiation may be transmitted through the medium, some will be absorbed and some will be reflected at the interface between the two media.Most of the captive radiation is reemitted from the surface in the signifier of seeable visible radiation of the same wavelength which appears as reflected visible radiation. The coefficient of reflection for most metals is between 0.9 0.95 and some little fraction of energy from electron decay procedure is flying as heat.Metallic elements are opaque and extremely brooding. The sensed colour is determined by the wavelength distribution of the radiation that is reflected and non absorbed. A bright silvery visual aspect when exposed to white light indicates that the metal is extremely brooding over the full scope of the seeable spectrum. Aluminum and Ag are two metals that exhibit this brooding behaviour. Copper and gilded appear red-orange and yellow severally because of the energy associated with white light photons holding short wavelength is non reemitted as seeable visible radiation.When visible radiation radiation passes from one medium into another holding a different index of refraction, some of the visible radiation is scattered at the interface between the two media even if both are transparent. The coefficient of reflection represents the fraction of the incident visible radiation that is reflected at the interface. If the visible radiation is normal or perpendicular to the interface, soWhere and are the indices of refraction of the two media. If the incident visible radiation is non normal to the interface, R will depend on the angle of incidence . Since the index of refraction of air is really close to 1. Thus the higher(prenominal) the index of refraction of the solid, the not bad(p)er is the coefficient of reflection. For typical silicate spectacless, the coefficient of reflection is about 0.05. Merely as the index of refraction of a solid depends on the wavelength of the incident visible radiation. This means that the coefficient of reflection vary with wavelength. Contemplation losingss for lenses and other optical instruments are lessen significantly by surfacing the reflecting surface with really thin beds of dielectric stuffs such as Mg fluoride.Mirror ManufacturingIn modern times the mirror substrate is shaped, polished and cleaned, and is so coated. Glass mirrors are most frequently coated with non-toxic Ag or aluminum, implemented by a series of coatings set up ( II ) ChlorideSilverChemical activatorCopperPaintThe Tin ( II ) Chloride is applied because Ag will non bond with the glass. The activator causes the ti n/silver to indurate. Copper is added for long-run lastingness. The pigment protects the coating on the dorsum of the mirror from abrasions and other inadvertent harm.In some applications, by and large those that are cost-sensitive or that require great lastingness, mirrors are made from a individual, bulk stuff such as polished metal. Technical mirrors may utilize Ag, aluminum or gold coating and achieve coefficient of reflection of 90 % 95 % when new. A protective transparent greatcoat may be applied to forestall oxidization of the brooding bed. Applications necessitating higher coefficient of reflection or greater lastingness where broad bandwidth is non indispensable usage dielectric coatings, can accomplish coefficient of reflection every bit high as 99.99 % over a narrow scope of wavelength.Mirror ManufacturingBaseGlass, which is a major mirror constituent, is really non a really good stuff for contemplation. In fact, it is merely able to reflect four per centum of the visibl e radiation it comes in contact with. What it has is a concurrence belongings that allows it to hold really few bumps, peculiarly when it is polished. The smoothness of glass makes it a good candidate for a base of a brooding metal.CoatingThe base stuff, in order to go brooding, unavoidably to be coated with a substance that reacts good to visible radiation. The most normally used stuffs are metal coatings such as Ag, gold or chrome. Mercury was used by mirror makers until it was at long last abandoned in the fortiess due to jobs with toxicity. Modern mirrors now make usage of aluminium as the metallic coating. Mirrors that are used under high temperatures are frequently coated with Si oxides and Si nitrates which tend to be a protective coating applied to forestall scrape.DesignMirrors need to integrate surface regularity in their designs in order to go effectual. The glass sheets that are used demand to be level and lasting. For family usage, the thickness of the mirror is tak en into consideration, with its strength increasing proportionally to its thickness. For heavy-duty mirrors, such as those used in scientific research, the surface has to be specially designed to retain uniformity while adding a curvature. This gives the mirror the ability to concentrate every bit good as reflect visible radiation. The design of the mirror besides specifies the sort of surfacing to be used. The features that are of import in the pick of the surfacing include lastingness and coefficient of reflection.ProcedureTo do a mirror, the first measure is to cut and determine the glass harmonizing to the formulated design. Diamond-tipped proverbs are normally used to make a all right coating. aft(prenominal) this, the panels, called spaces, are fixed in an optical friction machine. This machine uses an scratchy liquid and a grinding home base to make a smooth texture on the glass. Finally, the brooding stuff is placed on the glass utilizing an evaporator, which has the abil ity to heat the metal used for surfacing until it evaporates onto the spaces surface.IntegrityThe quality falsify of mirrors is an of import portion of the fabrication procedure. The mirror s surface is by and large inspected utilizing the bare center or a microscope in order to look into if there are any abrasions or variability. An unseeable photographic procedure may besides be used to see if there is a neediness of uniformity in the thickness of the metal. In some instances, the mirror may besides be placed under environmental proving wherein it is subjected to heat or cold to see how good it can defy assorted temperatures.Possibly you ve been in a state of affairs where you have nt had a mirror on hand and have resorted to utilizing the most brooding surface around you. Depending on the colour, form and texture of the surface, it may hold sufficed, but mirrors surely have a distinguishable brooding quality most other stuffs do non. This stems from the alone colour, composi ng and smoothness a mirror has.Get downing With MetalPolished, glistening metals make good mirrors because metal behaviors electricity good. Since the electronic field inside the metal must be zero, negatrons at that place will ever call off out a field that is non zero ( even if the field originates outside the metal ) . Since light travels in electromagnetic moving ridges, when it hits a mirror ( most frequently made with sprayed Ag and glass ) , the lone manner to call off out the field and put it to zero is to reflect those moving ridges back out, hence a contemplation. This procedure is similar to singing a long rope attached on one terminal. If you give a hanging rope with one loose terminal one, large shingle, the rope will beckon to the top, so back down. This is what happens when light hits a mirror.How Color Affects ReflectionSome molecules hold light and convert some of it to heat. These stuffs are normally black. White stuffs have molecules that about instantly let go of visible radiation after absorbing it. There is an full scope of soaking up in different colourss. Metal works good for mirrors because it reflects seeable visible radiation on all parts of the surface at the same clip. Silver works good in peculiar because it s the closest to white and reflects a assortment of colourss damp ( Cu and gold would non reflect blue good, for illustration ) .How Smoothness Affects ContemplationWhile unsmooth surfaces do reflect visible radiation ( depending on colour and composing ) , they typically reflect visible radiation in all waies. You can see this in concrete, for illustration. It seems to scintillate because it reflects light, but non in one way or ordered manner. Mirrors, nevertheless, do reflect in one way. Because metal ( including metal pigment ) is smooth, it s the best stuff for mirrors. Mirrors that are warped or non wholly smooth give distorted images.Obtaining Omnidirectional View Using Reflective Mirror.To dramatically increase the FO V of an imagination system, there is an unusual attack utilizing a brooding surface. The FOV of a picture camera can be greatly increased by utilizing brooding surface with properly designed surface forms. The rear-view mirror in a auto is a day-after-day illustration of utilizing brooding mirror to increase the FOV of a driver.There are a figure of surface writes that can be used to bring forth omnidirectional FOV. Figure list three illustrations cone-shaped mirror, spherical mirror, and parabolic mirror. The optical geometry of these bulging mirrors provides a simple and effectual agencies to change over picture camera s two-dimensional position into an omnidirectional position around the perpendicular axis of these mirrors, without utilizing any traveling portion.At the first glimpse, it appears that the omnidirectional imagination undertaking can be accomplished by utilizing any bulging mirror. Unfortunately, this is non the instance. In reexamining some BASIC of image format ion, we know that an image is two dimensional form of brightness ( or colourss ) . A satisfactory imagination system must continue two indispensable featuresGeometric correspondence there must be a one-to-one correspondence between pels in an image and point in the scene.Single point of view restraint each pels in the image corresponds to a peculiar sing way defined by a beam from that pel on image plane through a pinhole ( individual sing point ) .Notice that although the bellied mirrors listed in Figure can greatly increase the FOV, and may turn out adequate for certain omnidirectional scene monitoring applications, they are non satisfactory imaging devices. These reflecting surfaces do non continue the individual point of view restraint ( SVC ) . For a high quality omnidirectional imagination system, all the light beams climax in the omni imager caput should hold a individual ( practical ) sing point.Design of the omni-mirror that meets the SVCIn this subdivision, we will disc ourse a desirable convex mirror surface profile that satisfies the individual point of view restraint all the ( extensions of ) visible radiation beams reflected by the mirror must go through through a individual ( practical ) point of view. We call such a brooding mirror the omni-mirror. permit us first define necessary symbols and nomenclature. As shown in the Figure, we use an off-shelf picture camera with a regular lens whose FOV covers full surface of the omni-mirror. Since the optical design of camera and lens is rotationally symmetric, all we need to find is the cross-section map zA that defines the mirror surface cross-section profile. The mirror is so the solid of revolution obtained by brushing the cross-section about the optical axis. The map of the omni-mirror is to reflect all viewing beams coming from picture camera s screening centre ( focal point, labeled as C ) to the surface of physical objects in the FOV. The cardinal characteristic of this contemplation is that a ll such reflected beams must hold a projection towards a individual practical screening point at mirror s focal centre, labled as O. In other words, the mirror should efficaciously maneuver sing beams such that the camera equivalently sees the objects in the universe from a individual point of view O.We choose hyperboloid as the desirable form of the omni-mirrors. A well-known characteristic of a inflated curve is that the extension of any beam reflected by the inflated curve originated from one of its focal points passes through its another focal point. If we choose the hyperbolic profile for the omni-mirror, and topographic point a picture camera at its focal point C, as shown in Figure, the imagination system will hold a individual point of view at its another focal point O, as if the picture camera were placed at the practical screening mend O. The alone characteristic of the omni-mirror is that the extension of the entrance light beam sensed by the CCD camera is ever go throug hing through a individual practical point of view O regardless of the location of the projection point M on the mirror surface.